Some Celts quite famously did so. Polybius' Histories describe how the Gaesatae, (some Celtic mercenaries hired by other Celts) stood naked, carrying only their weapons and shields, at the head of their army at the Battle of Telamon in 225BC.
Diodorus Sicilius also points out that some Celtic warriors sometimes fought naked, although he doesn’t specify which tribes or when.
According to Polybius, they did so for two main reasons:
First of all, this was meant to display their confidence, both to their allies, and to the enemy. Secondly, it seems that it was more efficient to fight this way, “thinking that thus they would be more efficient, as some of the ground was overgrown with brambles which would catch in their clothes and impede the use of their weapons.”
There’s also the third reason that it was probably meant to intimidate the opponents.
At any rate, as you might expect, it didn’t work too well.
“For the Gaulish shield does not cover the whole body; so that their nakedness was a disadvantage, and the bigger they were the better chance had the missiles of going home. At length, unable to drive off the javelineers owing to the distance and the hail of javelins, and reduced to the utmost distress and perplexity, some of them, in their impotent rage, rushed wildly on the enemy and sacrificed their lives, while others, retreating step by step on the ranks of their comrades, threw them into disorder by their display of faint-heartedness. Thus was the spirit of the Gaesatae broken down by the javelineers.”
But at least someone tried.
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